What was Section 4 of the Voting Rights Act?
Section 4(e) provides that the right to register and vote may not be denied to those individuals who have completed the sixth grade in a public school, such as those in Puerto Rico, where the predominant classroom language is a language other than English.
What was Section 5 of the Voting Rights Act?
Section 5 was designed to ensure that voting changes in covered jurisdictions could not be implemented used until a favorable determination has been obtained. The requirement was enacted in 1965 as temporary legislation, to expire in five years, and applicable only to certain states.
What is preclearance Voting Rights Act?
A core special provision is the Section 5 preclearance requirement, which prohibited certain jurisdictions from implementing any change affecting voting without receiving preapproval from the U.S. attorney general or the U.S. District Court for D.C. that the change does not discriminate against protected minorities.
Why is Section 4 unconstitutional?
A majority of Supreme Court justices agreed that Section 4(b) is an unconstitutional violation of the 10th Amendment because the coverage formula conflicts with the “equal sovereignty of the states” by using a formula that is “based on 40 year old facts having no logical relationship to the present day” and thus is “ …
What was the Supreme Court’s decision in Shelby V Holder 2013?
On June 25, 2013, the United States Supreme Court held that it is unconstitutional to use the coverage formula in Section 4(b) of the Voting Rights Act to determine which jurisdictions are subject to the preclearance requirement of Section 5 of the Voting Rights Act, Shelby County v. Holder, 133 S. Ct. 2612 (2013).
What did Amendment 21 do?
Twenty-first Amendment, amendment (1933) to the Constitution of the United States that officially repealed federal prohibition, which had been enacted through the Eighteenth Amendment, adopted in 1919.
What do amendments 15 19 24 and 26 have in common?
Amendments 15, 19, 24, and 26 all deal with voting rights. Ratified in 1870, the 15th Amendment gave the right to vote to any male, regardless of race, color, or belief.
How many times has the Voting Rights Act been reauthorized?
Since enactment, the Voting Rights Act of 1965 has been reauthorized and amended five times with large, bipartisan majorities.