How do ligands bind to receptors?
The ligand crosses the plasma membrane and binds to the receptor in the cytoplasm. The receptor then moves to the nucleus, where it binds DNA to regulate transcription.
Can ligands bind to multiple receptors?
These assemblies, called multi-specific ligands, contain multiple receptor binding sites and are able to target different cell surface receptors simultaneously.
How different cellular effects can be observed in a cell based on ligand binding?
One ligand can bind several different receptors on different cells to cause different downstream effects. For example, in the Wnt pathway, the ligand can bind multiple receptor complexes and trigger several downstream signaling cascades resulting in diverse cellular responses.
What happens when ligands attach to membrane receptors?
When a ligand binds to the extracellular domain, a signal is transferred through the membrane, activating the enzyme. Activation of the enzyme sets off a chain of events within the cell that eventually leads to a response.
How do ligands bind to proteins?
A ligand is a small molecule that is able to bind to proteins by weak interactions such as ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds, Van der Waals interactions, and hydrophobic effects. In some cases, a ligand also serves as a signal triggering molecule. A ligand can be a substrate inhibitor, activator or a neurotransmitter.
What type of ligand do cell surface or membrane receptors bind?
Intracellular receptors are located in the cytoplasm of the cell and are activated by hydrophobic ligand molecules that can pass through the plasma membrane. Cell-surface receptors bind to an external ligand molecule and convert an extracellular signal into an intracellular signal.
What happens when a ligand binds to a protein?
In protein-ligand binding, the ligand is usually a molecule which produces a signal by binding to a site on a target protein. The binding typically results in a change of conformational isomerism (conformation) of the target protein.
What type of ligand do cell-surface or membrane receptors bind?
What is the response of a receptor to the binding of a ligand at the cell membrane quizlet?
In response to receptor ligand binding, the G protein becomes activated and in turn interacts with and thereby activates additional intracellular proteins.
Which type of ligands binds to intracellular receptors?
Intracellular receptors require ligands that are membrane permeable and include receptors for steroid hormones, lipophilic vitamins, and small molecules such as nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide.
What happens when a ligand binds?
When a ligand binds to a protein, it undergoes a conformational change which in turn leads to a physiological response. The time a ligand spends attached to a receptor or specific protein is a function of the affinity between the ligand and the protein.