What affects the viscosity of blood?
The viscosity of plasma is dependent on the concentration of plasma proteins, such as fibrinogen, α1-globulins, α2-globulins, β-globulins, and γ-globulins (Connes et al., 2008). Any elevation in the concentration of these proteins can cause plasma, and thus whole blood, viscosity to increase (Kesmarky et al., 2008).
How does DM affect wound healing?
One of the most common complications of diabetes is chronic wounds that primarily affect the feet. Diabetes inhibits the body’s natural wound-healing capabilities, which means chronic wounds can quickly become severe and develop infections if left untreated.
How does diabetes affect blood clotting?
Platelets may stick to areas where the blood vessels are damaged and form clots. Diabetes increases the risk of plaque buildup in the arteries, which can cause dangerous blood clots. Nearly 80 percent of people who have diabetes will eventually die of clot-related causes.
What happens to RBC of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus patient?
Increased diameter – Many patients with diabetes have a 10-15% increase in RBC diameter, increasing blood viscosity. This results from an influx of glucose which flattens the biconcave disk and bloats the cells.
How does viscosity affect blood pressure?
According to this equation, a decrease in viscosity causes an increase in cardiac output and opposite this, an increase in viscosity causes a decrease in cardiac output. Therefore, the physiologic compensation of viscosity-related decreased blood flow rate will be an increase in pressure or vasodilation.
What is the effect of increased viscosity?
Increased viscosity increases the resistance to blood flow and thereby increases the work of the heart and impairs organ perfusion. Some patients with anemia have low hematocrits, and therefore reduced blood viscosities. Another important factor that influences blood viscosity is temperature.
Why are patients with diabetes mellitus at greater risk of infection?
Why are people with diabetes more prone to infections? High blood sugar levels can weaken a person’s immune system defenses. People who have had diabetes for a long time may have peripheral nerve damage and reduced blood flow to their extremities, which increases the chance for infection.
How does peripheral neuropathy affect wound healing?
Neuropathy itself negatively affects the process of wound healing. Denervated skin shows impaired wound healing; patients with diabetes mellitus and polyneuropathy showed a reduced density of nerves in the skin [34]. A shortage of Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) as seen in diabetic ulcers impairs wound healing.
Are blood clots common with diabetes?
Diabetes increases the risk of blood clots, and up to four in five people with diabetes are at risk of dying from a clot-related cause, according to the American Heart Association.
Does diabetes affect platelet count?
People with diabetes, particularly those with type 2 diabetes, exhibit increased platelet reactivity. Hyperglycemia contributes to greater platelet reactivity through direct effects and by promoting glycation of platelet proteins. Hypertriglyceridemia increases platelet reactivity.
Why ESR is high in diabetes?
Fasting serum glucose concentrations did not correlate with the ESR. The data indicate that the ESR in diabetic patient may be elevated in the absence of overt infection. The factors responsible for this elevation are discussed.
What causes elevated RBC?
Your body may increase red blood cell production to compensate for any condition that results in low oxygen levels, including: Heart disease (such as congenital heart disease in adults) Heart failure. A condition present at birth that reduces the oxygen-carrying capacity of red blood cells (hemoglobinopathy)
What is hemorheologic mode of action?
Hemorheologic Agents This chapter discusses the hemorheologic mode of action of drugs to help explain the observed usefulness of certain drugs in apparently disparate clinical indications. To define the rheological characteristics of blood, determinations of viscosity have to be carried out over a range of constant definable shear rates.
What are hemorheologic agents?
WHAT ARE NAMES OF HEMORHEOLOGIC AGENTS? HOW DO HEMORHEOLOGIC AGENTS WORK? Hemorheologic agents are drugs that increase the blood flow in arteries and are used to treat intermittent claudication (cramping in the legs because of decreased blood flow during exercise or walking).
What does hemorheology stand for?
(December 2013) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) Hemorheology, also spelled haemorheology (from Greek ‘αἷμα, haima ‘ blood ‘ and rheology, from Greek ῥέω rhéō, ‘ flow ‘ and -λoγία, -logia ‘study of’), or blood rheology, is the study of flow properties of blood and its elements of plasma and cells.
Are there any clinical indications for a hematology agent?
Hemorheologic agents have been used or are being evaluated in many of the above clinical indications. Of particular interest are the clinical conditions in which no agent has been approved for use in the U.S. (e.g., sickle cell disease, peripheral and certain cerebrovascular diseases).