Which drugs causes SIADH?
Although a growing number of drugs have been reported to produce SIADH, most published reports concern vasopressin and its analogues, thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics, chlorpropamide, carbamazepine, antipsychotics, antidepressants and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
What causes SIADH syndrome?
SIADH tends to occur in people with heart failure or people with a diseased hypothalamus (the part of the brain that works directly with the pituitary gland to produce hormones). In other cases, a certain cancer (elsewhere in the body) may produce the antidiuretic hormone, especially certain lung cancers.
How does lithium cause SIADH?
Lithium, a drug for bipolar disorders, has been known to cause nephrogenic diabetes insipidus by reducing kidney-specific apical water channel, aquaporin 2 (AQP2) expression in the collecting ducts. However, its pharmacological efficacy for SIADH still remains to be elucidated.
What drugs increase ADH secretion?
Drugs that stimulate the release of ADH from the posterior pituitary gland include nicotine, phenothiazines, and tricyclics. Some drugs increase or potentiate the renal action of ADH. They include desmopressin, oxytocin, and prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors.
Can desmopressin cause SIADH?
However, desmopressin-induced inappropriate antidiuretic hormone levels with subsequent water intoxication have been associated with severe hypervolemic hyponatremia and seizures, especially with intranasal formulations and administration at extremes of age [7–9, 13–30].
What drugs affect ADH?
What causes hyponatremia in SIADH?
The syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) is a disorder of impaired water excretion caused by the inability to suppress the secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) [1]. If water intake exceeds the reduced urine output, the ensuing water retention leads to the development of hyponatremia.
What causes increased secretion of ADH?
Not enough water is excreted and there is too much water in the blood. This dilutes many substances in the blood such as sodium. A low blood sodium level is the most common cause of symptoms of too much ADH. Often, there are no symptoms from a mildly low sodium level.
What causes high ADH?
The hypothalamus produces ADH, and the pituitary gland releases it. The hypothalamus and pituitary gland are both in the brain, so a brain tumor or head injury can also cause high ADH levels. Very high ADH levels may be dangerous because they can cause fluid imbalances that lead to seizures or cerebral edema.
Why is lithium contraindicated in hyponatremia?
The long term use of lithium salts might have influenced the sodium levels of our patients, and the hyponatremic blood level may have caused lithium intoxication (6). Volume depletion also increases renal lithium reabsorption and serum lithium levels (6).
How does lithium affect ADH?
Chronic lithium use reduces or desensitizes the kidney’s ability to respond to ADH. Resistance to ADH occurs when lithium accumulates in the cells of the collecting duct and inhibits ADH’s ability to increase water permeability.
What drugs cause macrocytic anemia?
Causes: Non-megaloblastic Macrocytic Anemia (Marrow Toxins) Methotrexate Daunorubicin Adriamycin Benzene and derivatives (e.g. trinitrotoluene) Purine antagonists 6-Mercaptopurine Pyrimidine antagonists Fluorouracil (Adrucil) Floxuridine (FUDR) Azidouridine Ribonucleotide Reduction Inhibitors Hydroxyurea
Which drugs produce SIADH?
Although a growing number of drugs have been reported to produce SIADH, most published reports concern vasopressin and its analogues, thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics, chlorpropamide, carbamazepine, antipsychotics, antidepressants and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
What is macrocytic anemia?
Overview. Macrocytic anemia, then, is a condition in which your body has overly large red blood cells and not enough normal red blood cells. Different types of macrocytic anemia can be classified depending on what’s causing it. Most often, macrocytic anemias are caused by a lack of vitamin B-12 and folate.
Is drug‐induced SIADH aetiology a common clinical problem?
While drug‐induced SIADH is a common clinical problem, several issues remain unaddressed in the current literature. As most of the available data are derived from case reports and small case series, the distribution of the different medication classes as SIADH aetiologies is unknown.